Most bacteria, including many bacterial pathogens, are surrounded by an outer protective layer of sugar molecules, known as a ...

The SIRSVIDE model developed by Professor Jian Lu's research group provides a comprehensive framework for studying viral epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. The simulation results reveal that ...

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite ...

• Pathogens have evolved various strategies to overcome host immunity for successful infection. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) can cause lethal necrosis in maize (Zea mays) when it coinfects with ...

Key points Nipah virus is a bat-borne virus which was first identified in 1998. It is not present in Australia It can cause ...

Antibiotic treatments are losing effectiveness against a range of common bacterial pathogens, including E. coli, K.