Graphs are everywhere. In discrete mathematics, they are structures that show the connections between points, much like a public transportation network. Mathematicians have long sought to develop ...

A novel concept of quantifying graph non-isomorphism is introduced to measure structural differences between graphs, and thus overcoming the strict limitations of traditional graph isomorphism tests.

If someone asks you to determine whether two objects are the same, it might seem like a trivial request. In most everyday cases, a quick glance is enough for you to render an accurate judgment. But in ...