To understand the variation in fracture propagation trajectories caused by lithological abrupt changes when hydraulic fractures encounter stratum interfaces, this study investigates the propagation ...

With the continuous increase of coal mining intensity, shallow coal resources are gradually depleted, and the mining depth continues to deepen. After entering the deep part, the displacement of the ...

Hydraulic fracturing is a completion technique that pumps high-pressure fluid and proppant into a low-permeability reservoir to create and prop open fractures, increasing flow paths so oil can move to ...