I'll discuss some ways to keep joints in an "open" position for optimal movement patterns. Plus, I'll introduce an exercise that demonstrates this concept for the shoulder joint.

Four important synovial joints used in most sporting actions are the elbow and shoulder joints in the arm, and the knee and hip joints in the leg. The elbow and knee joints are both hinge joints.

Ball and socket joints also allow flexion and extension. Flexion of the shoulder joint occurs when the humerus (upper arm) moves forwards from the rest of the body, which happens at the end of an ...

The NIH grant will pay for the creation and testing of a prototype shoulder joint, first in a lab and then in a human cadaver, to verify that the device operates consistently and safely.