Early steps of infection by HIV-1 involve entry of the viral core into cells, reverse transcription to form the linear viral DNA, and integration of that DNA into a chromosome of the host.

To become infectious, HIV has to undergo a maturation process. This involves the HIV-1 protease (a viral enzyme), that ... virus capsid which encases the genome. In contrast, much less is known ...

An effective HIV-1 vaccine must therefore elicit antibodies that can neutralize many variants of the virus. While broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been isolated from HIV-1 infected ...

but the viral adaptation in humans remained unknown until now. Paul Sharp and colleagues from the University of Nottingham Queens Medical Centre in England compared full-length genome sequences of ...

and recently published in the Journal of Virology that some of the excised viral DNA molecules form stable DNA circles that can reintegrate into the genome. 3 This phenomenon may pose a challenge to ...

Increased HIV genetic diversity has implications in almost every aspect of its biology, including vaccine design, drug treatment, disease progression, viral reservoirs ... of HIV-1 genome ...

A study by McMichael and colleagues describes the earliest CD8 + T cell responses to transmitted HIV-1 and shows that ... induce escape mutations in the viral genome. By sequencing the virus ...

Integrase is responsible for inserting viral genomic DNA into the host chromosome ... bind to the CD4 receptor on T-cells. They prevent the HIV gp120 protein from changing its shape to engage with ...