Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is written as: \(F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}\) The constant of proportionality is the universal gravitational constant ("big G") which equals \(6.674\times{10^{- 11}} ...

But scientists are confident it exists because of the gravitational effects it appears ... of dark energy are consistent with a cosmological constant, a mathematical Band-Aid that Albert Einstein ...