Variable frequency drives (VFDs), also known as variable speed drives (VSDs), are used to modulate the speed of motors in various applications, from hydronic water pumping to VAV fan units to vacuum ...

Part 1 of this series discussed the importance of steam condensation in conventional power units and the heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) of combined cycle plants. Condenser tube waterside ...

The steam condenser of a power plant boiler is a critical heat exchanger in the process. Poor performance due to restricted heat transfer can have a dramatic influence on unit efficiency. And, ...

Optimizing any cooling plant for minimal energy consumption is a demanding science. In many cases, minimizing chiller plant energy consumption requires modifications to the plant design, including ...

Condensers are one part of the power plant where the technology is well defined and the benefits of keeping a clean condenser are easily determined. Condenser maintenance is a "pay me now or pay me ...

In a single reaction, synthetic chemists sometimes can run through hundreds of liters of water, possibly without realizing it. The culprit is their solvent condenser, a piece of glassware that uses ...